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Cyber Security

The Future of Red Team Assessments

by Tashina
written by Tashina

Red Team assessments are increasingly popular way for organisations to get a realistic approach towards their overall security. Attack surfaces of organisations are constantly growing. Hence, identifying vulnerabilities that an attacker can potentially target is invaluable.

Red teaming is likely to become a more popular methodology in future. Here are some trends that are most likely to drive the future of red team assessments.

Red Team Assessment Data

With a large amount of data available for known vulnerabilities, red team assessments in the future will focus more on potential attacks expected to take place. By aggregating and analysing data such as vulnerabilities, hacking tools and techniques, and common attacks, organisations can identify an attack they are most likely to face and classify the possible targets.

Red Team Security Regulations

The regulatory landscape in recent years has dramatically evolved. Data breach threats have driven governments to pass security regulations to protect user data. Some of these regulations include the well-known General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), HIPAA, SOX and PCI DSS. It seems likely that red team assessments will be driven by the requirement to demonstrate compliance with the applicable standards and regulations. Some of these regulations require routine testing, whereas all of them charge heavy fines for non-compliance.

Red Team Machine Learning and Automation

A Red Team assessment aims to simulate how hackers can attack an organization, so as to identify vulnerabilities. It typically includes a procedure mixing structure with flexibility. However, many activities the red team performs are repetitive and based upon information collected from previous assessments. These activities are suited to an automation tool that can decide the next logical step based upon the previous information it holds.

As artificial intelligence and machine learning mature, red teams can more likely use them in their operations. An ML based tool can provide scalability to red teams and allow security analysts to focus more on attack vectors with higher potential.

Red Team Human-Focused Assessment

Social engineering in a security assessment can sometimes be a hard sell with some customers. At times, it can backfire if not managed properly. That’s because employees may backfire if they feel that the management has caught them not complying with security policies. However, the reality is that human error is the biggest factor resulting in cyber-attacks, hence, targeted the most. As customers realise the importance of testing vulnerabilities associated with employee negligence, Red Team assessments are likely to become more human-focused.

Red Team Quote

To find out more about our penetration testing services, get in touch with us today or use our interactive pen test quote form.

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Cyber Security

Best Practices for Mobile App Penetration Testing

by Tashina
written by Tashina

Penetration testing is one of the best methods to check defence parameters thoroughly. We can apply it across the entire IT infrastructure, including databases, web applications and network security. But today, we also use it widely for mobile app penetration testing.

Mobile Application Penetration Testing

Here are the best practices to follow when conducting a mobile app penetration testing:

Develop a plan that describes the methodology of your test. Since every mobile app environment is different, carefully consider what exactly you need to test. The best way to get started is by consulting the OWASP cheat sheet. Though it is specifically designed for pentesting iOS applications, you can apply the same principles to other operating systems.

The Right Tools for Mobile Application Penetration Testing

There are many penetration tools available. Some of them are provided by vendors for a cost, while many others are free to use. The tools you pick for your pentesting depend largely on the environment you are going to use them in.

Mobile Application Penetration Testing Environment

Before conducting the mobile app penetration testing, plan your environment thoroughly. For instance, though Apple has made it very difficult to jailbreak its devices it is still possible providing the firmware can be rooted.

Mobile App Penetration Testing Server Attacks

As important as it is to test server environments, it’s also necessary to test the server the app calls from. Some of the aspects you need to test include:

  • Authorised or unauthorised file uploads
  • Open redirects
  • Authentication mechanisms between the smartphone and server ( the steps a user takes before being able to download a mobile app)
  • Cross-origin resource sharing 

Mobile Application Pen Test Methodology

When you are pen testing the networking connectivity between the smartphone device and the mobile app server, always use a network proxy. A proxy helps collect data and important information about the network as well as the data packets.

Whatever the strategy, the following areas should be analysed when performing a mobile application pen test:

  • Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
  • Information Leakage
  • Insufficient Authorisation/Authentication
  • Cryptography – Improper Certificate Validation
  • Brute Force – User Enumeration
  • Insufficient Session Expiration
  • Information Leakage – Application Cache
  • Binary Protection – Insufficient Code Obfuscation

Mobile App Pen Test Quote

Aardwolf Security provides detailed mobile app penetration services to our clients. To find out more about our services, get in touch with us today or use our interactive pen test quote form.

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Cyber Security

Firewall Security Best Practices

by Tashina
written by Tashina

A firewall protects a network in general from malicious traffic by acting as the first respondent. Firewall security helps you keep an eye on incoming data packets and block unwanted traffic based on a defined set of rules.

A firewall also prevents outgoing traffic from accessing bad nodes and sites. It can be installed as a software program, which is usually a preferred method for individual devices. Or, you can utilise it as hardware to secure the network.

Best Practice Firewall Rules

The first and foremost step in ensuring firewall security is to know the information you need to protect, and the threats to it. For example, you would need to have a different set of rules to block one service but allow another from a defined set of IP addresses.

Firewall Monitoring and Management

Keep an eye on security protocols for your firewall to ensure enhanced firewall security. This is important due to the continuous evolution of threats. A firewall can make recommendations on basic rules. However, it is important to create and manage Access Control Lists (ACLs) periodically.

What Are Firewall Standards

Firewall Security rules need to be reviewed and updated based on laws set by the companies security policies. This can help with understanding and avoiding unknown threats to your system. Thus, it is specially important for organisations that handle sensitive data, for example, banks to regularly review standards.

Find Firewall Loopholes

Backdoors can create a major loophole in a firewall security hence making it vulnerable. Therefore, it is particularly important to ensure regular testing. Record and manage logs of all updates for a periodic review. Furthermore, it is also important to ensure the firmware utilises the latest supported version. Documenting small updates and tracking the known threats is a vital part of firewall security.

In conclusion, a firewall is your first line of defence against any threat you might face in the virtual world. Therefore, it is important to understand how to take full advantage of the available features. It is important to not only set up firewall security of your network but regular review and monitor the rule sets.

Get a Firewall Assessment Quote

Connect with Aardwolf Security to find out how we can carry out a firewall assessment for you, we can now offer a quote via our online pen testing quote form.

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Cyber Security

Penetration Testing as a Part of an Organisational Security Program

by Tashina
written by Tashina

Organisations that need information systems infrastructure for managing data, business procedures, activities and client relationships must have robust IT security programs in place. Since they have data stored and processed through their systems, no business is safe from malicious criminals. They need to utilise a comprehensive approach for protecting their network from cyber incidents before they take place.

Regardless of who you entrust with your IT infrastructure security, one of the most important components of your security program must be penetration testing. It’s now considered a best practice to identify and make corrective actions for improving organisational security.

Why Do You We Need a Business Security Plan?

One cannot stress enough the the importance of having a proactive approach towards cyberthreats. An organisation that strives to achieve better security culture needs to create a plan emphasising speed, quick response and preventive controls.

A good security program must include a number of activities to address possible inefficiencies and vulnerabilities in the system. Intrusion prevention and vulnerability scanning tools are good, but they are not enough. You also need consistent audits and testing along with a set of enforced policies to protect your data, users and system. This is where penetration testing is of utmost importance.

Why Do We Need Penetration Testing?

In order to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of your assets, you need to hire certified penetration testing professionals for assessing potential vulnerabilities and risks associated with your organisation. Simply put, the process of scanning, testing, hacking and securing a system can combat inside or outside threats to an organisation. It simulates real-life scenarios and detects malicious or suspicious behaviour patterns. A professional pen tester is able to evaluate these risk factors. They can also review the effectiveness of your current security controls.

Penetration testing provides internal and external testing. Internal testing involves assessing from inside a corporate network. The penetration tester mimics an insider attack from a user who is authorised and has privilege to access. In external testing, the attacker will break through intrusion detection and firewalls. Hence, they are able to learn how an outsider could be able to enter and exploit the system after gaining access.

A penetration test can cover all parts of your security program. It includes policy compliance and your ability to identify and respond to incidents. It goes beyond vulnerability scanning and provides more information to organisations on their security readiness. A pen tester not only finds potential problems but also documents potential security training needs.

Penetration Testing Quote

To find out more about how you can make penetration testing a part of your organizational security program, contact Aardwolf Security and talk to one of our security experts, alternatively you can also get a quote using our online pen testing quote form.

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Cyber Security

Red Team Assessment Best Practices

by Tashina
written by Tashina

A red team assessment helps find as many vulnerabilities as possible in a system. It generally involves lateral thinking, trying various attacks and considering how to bypass certain defences. Here are some best practices to ensure that both the customer and the Red Team have a great assessment experience.

Planning a Red Team Assessment

Take the time to plan operations in advance. Though the details of a certain engagement depend upon the environment of the customer, it’s a good practice to proactively plan for potential attacks. By planning initial phases and roles, the red team can ensure that the customer gets a detailed engagement.

Documenting a Red Team Assessment

Once done with planning the assessment, always draft a mutually signed document that outlines rules of engagement. Discuss potential attack vectors with customer and get approval for any tactics you plan to use. This is important to prevent legal liabilities later on.

Use Different Methods

An attacker can use different methods to conduct the same attack with the help of different techniques and tools. Keeping the test as realistic as possible, mix up your assessment instead of going through a checklist of using same tools and techniques.

Red Team Assessment Tools

When conducting a Red Team assessment, you can conduct various tests with different tools. You can make a choice between tools and techniques using a variety of factors such as efficiency and familiarity.

However, you must consider some important factors when making the choice. One factor is the assessment’s impact on the customer’s system and network. Sometimes, a system that is unstable is brought down due to certain tests or tools. Wherever possible, your red team should use tools that limit this possibility.

Record Everything

When conducting a red team assessment, always keep a detailed record of everything. This is beneficial for both the customer and red team members. On the customer’s part, it benefits them with understanding the assessment narrative from the beginning till the vulnerability exploitation. On the team’s part, it helps them figure out the problem if something goes wrong.

Provide Quantifiable Value

The results of red team assessment typically include a list of vulnerabilities discovered and the recommendations for corrections. However, to fully satisfy the customer and improve the probability of repeat business, one must provide something of measurable value to the customer. This could be providing additional information, such as demonstrating that the team tested potential attacks of high probability and severity.

Red Team Assessment Quote

All red team assessments are unique and may require different tools and tactics. However, it’s always advisable to follow best practices. Our red team at Aardwolf Security ensures that best practices are followed in order to provide maximum value to our customers, get in touch via our contact form or fill out our online pen test quote form.

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Cyber Security

What is Network Enumeration?

by Tashina
written by Tashina

Network enumeration is a process which creates an active connection with the target hosts for discovering potential attack vectors, or for further exploiting the system.

It is used to gather the following:

  • Hostnames
  • Usernames, group names
  • IP tables and routing tables
  • Application and banners
  • Network shares and services
  • Audit configurations and service settings
  • DNS and SNMP details

What is the Importance of Network Enumeration?

We often consider enumeration to be an important phase during penetration testing, since its outcome can directly exploit a system

Examples of common network ports

Network Basic Input Output System (NetBIOS)

NetBIOS runs on port 139 on Windows OS. On a remote machine, an attacker may be able to perform the following:

  • read or write to a remote machine, depending on sharing availability
  • launch a Denial of Service (DoS) attack on remote machine
  • enumerate password policy on remote machine.

To prevent NetBIOS enumeration attacks, we can perform the following security controls:

  • remove printer and file sharing in Windows operating systems
  • minimise the attack surface by limiting unnecessary services

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

SNMP is used to manage network devices. A default SNMP password may allow an attacker to modify or view the configuration settings. An attacker can enumerate SNMP on a remote network device for:

  • ARP and routing
  • Device-specific information
  • Network resources information
  • Traffic statistics

To prevent SNMP enumeration attacks, we can perform the following security controls:

  • Change public default community strings
  • Minimise attack surface by removing SNMP agents where they aren’t required
  • Implement a group policy to restrict anonymous connections
  • Implement firewalls
  • Encrypt and authenticate with IPSEC

Light-Weight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

LDAP is an internet protocol to access distributed directories like Open LDAP or Active Directory. It supports remote anonymous server queries, which disclose critical information such as username, contact details, address, etc.

To prevent LDAP enumeration attacks, we can utilise the following security controls:

  • Use SSL for encrypting LDAP communication
  • Restrict brute-force attacks by enabling account lockout
  • Restricting access to known users by using Kerberos

Network Time Protocol (NTP)

NTP was designed to synchronise clocks of computers in a network. An attacker may be able to enumerate the following information by communicating with an NTP server

  • IP addresses, operating systems and hostnames of internal client
  • List of hosts connected to the server

To prevent NTP enumeration attacks, we can perform the following security controls:

  • Filter traffic with IPTables
  • Enable logging for events and messages
  • Restrict NTP usage and enable NTPSec when possible

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

SMTP is designed for email transmissions. It provides three commands that are built-in. the SMTP servers respond variably to each of the commands and enumeration is possible due to these varied responses. An attacker can determine a valid user with the same method.

Aardwolf Security provides many different penetration testing options, get it touch with us for a web Application penetration test quote.

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why do I need to hire pen testing companies in the uk
Cyber Security

What To Consider When Looking For Pen Testing Companies In The UK?

by jason
written by jason

Cyber-security is of utmost importance in this digital era, and pen testing companies are instrumental in ensuring that your IT systems are as safe from attacks as possible. This is why it’s important to make sure that you find the right pen testing companies in the UK to evaluate the overall security of your IT systems.

What Type of Testing Do You Need?

The UK’s National Cyber Security Centre describes pen testing as: “A method for gaining assurance in the security of an IT system by attempting to breach some or all of that system’s security, using the same tools and techniques as an adversary might“.

A penetration test, or ‘pen test’, is a test that’s designed to assess and analyse the security of an IT system. The test seeks to find strengths and weaknesses in the system, as well as potential unauthorised ways in which the system’s data can be accessed. Basically, pen testing is a form of ethical hacking.

Although pen testing has a general goal, it can have different specific objectives depending on the needs of a particular system. Therefore, there are different types of pen testing:

  • White box testing
    In white box testing, testers have full information about the target. This type of testing is designed to identify software vulnerabilities and system misconfigurations.
  • Black box testing
    In black box testing, the testers have no information about the target. This type of testing can assess the risk of attacks from unknown external parties. However, it may overlook some vulnerabilities in the system.

Best Qualities of a Pen Testing Company

It’s also important to evaluate the methodology used by your prospective pen testing company. The companies you’re considering should be able to thoroughly explain their methods and the processes they use. Based on this information, you can then decide whether or not you can trust these companies with your IT system.

how to find the best pen testing companies in the ukPen testing companies should also be able to provide you with personalised services. Your needs may and probably will differ from the needs of other organisations. The company you hire should therefore have testers who are able to adapt their methods and approaches to your unique situation.

They should be able to provide you with the necessary aftercare and answer any questions you might have about their services. Penetration testing company reviews will be able to give you a better idea of how well certain companies provide this aftercare service.

Another thing to consider is the pricing of the companies you plan on hiring. Make sure to ask for quotes when you talk to a pen testing company, and make sure to ask how much specific services will cost. Choosing a company with competitive prices can help you in the long run in different ways.

Aardwolf Security can provide you with competitive pricing, competent aftercare, and personalised pen testing services. We also adhere to the highest security standards and use the OWASP methodology to give our clients the best service possible.

Your security is our top priority. To get a quote or learn more about our services, call us on 0203 5388 067 or email us at [email protected].

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What is involved in penetration testing?

Penetration testing, also known as pen testing, is a service whereby cyber security agencies in the UK and overseas try to detect and exploit vulnerabilities in a business or organisation’s technological infrastructure. They perform a simulated attack to detect a vulnerability in a system’s defences that unethical hackers could try to exploit.

Are penetration testers in demand?

Yes, they are. More and more organisations are demanding pen testing services each day. According to a CybersecurityVentures.com report, cybercrime damages around the world could cost a total of $6 trillion (£4.3 trillion) by the end of the year. If you want to minimise the damage cybercrime could do to your business, only hire competent and reliable pen testers.

why do I need to hire pen testing companies in the uk

What is an example of penetration testing?

As mentioned, a pen test is a way to identify an organisation’s system vulnerabilities. An excellent example of this is in web application security. In this scenario, pen testing is typically used to improve web application firewalls to secure business-critical web applications and the content they access.

How long does a pen test take?

A pen testing company in the UK usually requires two to three weeks to finish the job. They need to plan the penetration test carefully by ensuring that everything is in place and signed off before they proceed. The duration of this phase varies because it depends on the size and complexity of the organisation they’re working with.

Why do we need security testing?

You need it to make sure your technological infrastructure is safe and secured from unethical hackers. An ethical hacking firm in the UK is different in that it performs security testing to find potential threats in your system and helps you assess potential vulnerabilities. This protects your business against threats, allowing it to keep operating and avoid future exploitation.

The Importance of Penetration Testing

Penetration testing is essential because, as time goes by, security issues or vulnerabilities will continue to emerge as technologies increasingly become interconnected. More and more businesses and organisations, big or small, are prone to cybercrime. For this reason, it’s best to hire excellent pen testers from the get-go rather than wait for these hackers to cause problems in their operations. These testers can examine a security network’s soft spots, recognise its flaws, and suggest ways as to how to improve it.

Things To Look For When Choosing A Network Pentesting Professional In The UK

  • where to find good pen testing companies in the uk

    Trustworthiness: Hire experienced pen testers who you feel comfortable entrusting your business’ confidential information to.

  • Discipline: They must do the testing strictly as per your requirements.
  • Competence: Make sure to choose testers who can effectively detect vulnerabilities.
  • Technical Skills: Only hire testers who are well-versed in the systems you use.
  • Communication: Your hired testers should be able to communicate the issues they find to you in a way that’s easily understood.
  • Business Logic: An excellent pen tester can propose effective solutions to the problems they find.

How Often You Should Perform Penetration Testing

We recommend having a pen test done at least once a year to ensure that your network is secured and protected. Moreover, a pen test is needed whenever your organisation adds new network infrastructure or applications; upgrades or modifies current ones; adds offices in new locations; applies security patches; and revises end-user policies.

If you’ve been searching for “the best penetration testing company near me”, look no further than Aardwolf Security!

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Cyber Security

5 Common Penetration Testing Mistakes

by Tashina
written by Tashina

Pen testing is a challenging job. If you ask an experienced pen tester about their work, they will tell you about the endless hours they spend doing their jobs, before they succeed and finish their task. But it’s not always as easy. Many a times they have to perform the process repeatedly, whether due to a small configuration mistake while exploiting a vulnerability or being unable to find a main target.

In reality, it’s quite a journey to master the job of penetration testing. It includes several failures before one achieves the much-deserved success.

Let’s have a look at five common penetration testing mistakes:

1. Professional Ethics

The basic difference between a hacker and ethical hacker is legality. Carrying out a penetration test not only requires a high-level of technical ability, it also needs one to follow professional ethics. It’s very common during this type of work to gain access to confidential or sensitive information. This could include security breach details that can potentially expose a corporation to real attacks. Hence, a good penetration tester should be able to handle the aspects of privacy, confidentiality and legality in a serious manner.

2. Conducting a Pen Test Without Proper Authorisation

As a penetration tester, one still needs to follow the rules. Work only for what you are authorised to. As a pen tester, you may feel eager to demonstrate your ability and knowledge and may lose focus on the real objectives. However, it’s important to follow the scope of assessment and consider what type of tests can be performed, the time window of execution and assets that should not be touched.

3.  The Evidence

An important part of pen testing is to collect and adequately store evidence during testing, as it forms the basis of the final report. Many times, penetration testers forget to keep important information as evidence. For instance, the vulnerabilities that were successfully exploited, a timestamp, activities that can be performed or the number of unsuccessful tries. This information is collectively important to build a fact-based report.

4. Exclusively Relying on Tools

Tools can make a pen tester’s life easier. But relying solely on penetration testing tools is not enough to become a skilled tester. In most of the cases, even the best solution will require a skilled professional to define what to scan and how to build context-specific exploit. They must know the concept behind an intrusion test.

5. Report Writing Skills

The final step of the pen testing process is to write a comprehensive report of each activity performed along with the findings. An experienced professional should not only use automated tools to create a report. They should also be able to create meaningful reports related to their client’s business context.

We at Aardwolf Security have a professional penetration testing team with years of experience in the industry. Get in touch with us today for penetration testing quote.

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firewall assessment quote
Cyber Security

Your Firewall Audit Checklist

by Tashina
written by Tashina

Security regulations and audits go beyond firewall policies and implementation, but it’s a good place to start for firewall audit readiness and visibility of your network.

The following steps can ensure that you are ready for your next firewall audit.

  1. Gather Important Information

For your firewall audit to be successful, it’s important that you understand what is in your network.  Thus, make sure to collect all firewall logs and security policies that are relevant for you to analyse. Moreover, develop a diagram of your network and firewall topologies. Also collect all previous audit documentation, including objects, firewall rules and policy revisions. Also review your vendor information such as the version of your OS, default configuration and latest patches.

Once you gather the information, it’s important to integrate and arrange this information in easily legible and illustrative manner.

  1. Review Firewall Change Management Process

Two common issues of firewall change management are poor documentation of changes and validation of their impact on the network. Employee turnover and poor records of why the change was made make it difficult to make a decision on what you need to do. Always review your procedures for rule-based maintenance to determine whether you have:

  • A controlled and formal process for requesting, reviewing, approving and implementing firewall changes
  • All changes that are authorized or not, and flag unauthorized changes for further review.
  • Enabled real-time monitoring of firewall changes with rule-changing access granted to authorized personnel or not.

  1. Conduct a Physical and OS Security Audit of your Firewall

Ensure that your management servers and firewalls are physically secure and have controlled access to them. Also review that your operating system should pass hardening best practice checklist. By enforcing these baselines and reporting against them, you can be knowledgeable about your firewall’s configuration status.

  1. Clean Up and Optimize the Rules

Remove unnecessary overheads in your firewall audit by cleaning up on rules that no longer apply. Identify unused objects and rules along with covered rules, consolidate all those that are similar and make overly permissive rules stricter.

  1. Conduct Risk Assessment and Remediate the Issues

When you review your firewall rules and configuration, try to identify those that are potentially risky. The term “risky” is relative to every organisation, depending upon the network and acceptable risk level. However, you can use many standards and frameworks to get a reference point. Prioritise your risky rules by their severity. Once done, document and create an action plan to remediate risks and compliance exceptions.

  1. Ensure Readiness for Ongoing Audit

For firewall configuration, you need to maintain a firewall audit readiness as a business process. Automate your process and get more done in lesser time. Moreover, creating a solid change management process and proper documentation can ensure that you are ready for an audit.

Get in touch with Aardwolf Security today for a firewall assessment quote.

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web Application pen test quote
Cyber Security

5 Web Security Vulnerabilities You Can Prevent

by Tashina
written by Tashina

For many businesses, it’s not until after they suffer from a security breach that web security becomes a priority. An effective web security approach must be defensive and proactive. Let’s look at 5 most common web security vulnerabilities and how you can prevent them.

Injection Flaws

A SQL server (SQL Injection) flaw occurs when a website fails to filter untrusted input. It can also happen if one passes unfiltered data. The result is that the attacker is able to inject commands within the database.

It is preferable to filter anything your application receives from an untrusted source according to a whitelist. It is not recommended to use a blacklist since they are usually easier to bypass and getting them right is not easy. This is the reason why many antivirus software programs typically fail with blacklists.

Missing Function-Level Access Control

This is an authorisation failure. This means that whenever you call a function on a server, authorisation does not perform as securely as it should. . Attackers can forge a request to the hidden functionality. The fact that it is not displayed in the UI  does not stop a determined hacker.

To prevent this, authorisation must always be conducted on the server side.

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)

This vulnerability allows attackers to compromise user interactions via a vulnerable application. They input JavaScript to the application via input and the user’s browser executes it. The attacker can hence carry out any operations that the user can perform, and also access their data. In case the user has privileged access, the attacker can also gain full control over the application.

A simple preventive measure is to not return html tags to the client. This also has added advantage to defend against html injections. It is also imperative to filter user input validity as you receive it.

Insecure Direct Object Reference

A direct object reference means a user can access an internal file that they shouldn’t be able to. Thus, it’s important to conduct access control checks consistently and properly.

Security Misconfiguration

Server and application misconfiguration are very common. For instance, one may have a directory listing enabled on the server which can leak sensitive data, running outdated software, not changing default passwords and keys and running the app with debug enabled in production. Some of these can be avoided by utilising an automated “build and deploy” method which runs tests on deployment.

Aardwolf Security provide many different penetration testing options, get it touch with us for a web Application pen test quote.

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